Pa Novembala 15, RCEP, mgwirizano waukulu kwambiri wamalonda padziko lonse lapansi, pomaliza pake idasainidwa mwalamulo patatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zokambirana! Malo ochitira malonda aufulu okhala ndi anthu ambiri, kapangidwe ka mamembala osiyanasiyana, komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko padziko lonse lapansi kunabadwa. Ichi ndi chochitika chachikulu kwambiri pakuphatikizana kwachuma cha chigawo cha East Asia, ndipo chawonjezera mphamvu zatsopano pakubwezeretsa chuma cha chigawo komanso cha padziko lonse lapansi.

Zogulitsa zoposa 90% pang'onopang'ono sizimalipira msonkho uliwonse

Zokambirana za RCEP zimachokera ku mgwirizano wakale wa "10+3" ndipo zikukulitsa mwayiwo kufika pa "10+5". Izi zisanachitike, China idakhazikitsa malo ochitira malonda aulere ndi mayiko khumi a ASEAN, ndipo msonkho wa zero wa Malo Ochitira Malonda Aulere a China-ASEAN waphimba zoposa 90% ya misonkho ya magulu onse awiri.

Malinga ndi China Times, Zhu Yin, pulofesa wothandizira wa Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira Boma ku Sukulu Yoona za Ubale Wapadziko Lonse, anati, "Zokambirana za RCEP mosakayikira zitenga njira zazikulu zochepetsera zopinga za misonkho. M'tsogolomu, 95% kapena kuposerapo kwa zinthu zamisonkho sizidzachotsedwa kuti ziphatikizidwe mu gawo la zero tariffs. Malo amsika nawonso adzakhala akulu kwambiri, zomwe ndi phindu lalikulu la mfundo kwa makampani amalonda akunja."

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za mu 2018, mayiko 15 omwe ali m'panganoli adzakhudza anthu pafupifupi 2.3 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, omwe ndi 30% ya anthu onse padziko lonse lapansi; GDP yonse idzapitirira US$25 thililiyoni, ndipo chigawo chomwe chili mkati mwake chidzakhala malo akuluakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ochitira malonda aulere.

M'magawo atatu oyambirira a chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa malonda pakati pa China ndi ASEAN kunafika pa US$481.81 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 5% pachaka. ASEAN yakhala bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri la malonda ku China, ndipo ndalama zomwe China imagwiritsa ntchito ku ASEAN zinawonjezeka ndi 76.6% chaka chilichonse.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutha kwa mgwirizanowu kudzathandizanso kumanga unyolo wopereka katundu ndi unyolo wamtengo wapatali m'derali. Wang Shouwen, Wachiwiri kwa Nduna ya Zamalonda komanso Wachiwiri kwa Woyimira Msonkhano wa Zamalonda Padziko Lonse, adanenapo kale kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ogwirizana amalonda aulere m'derali kudzathandiza dera lanu kupanga unyolo wopereka katundu ndi unyolo wamtengo wapatali kutengera zabwino zake zofananira, ndipo zidzakhudza kuyenda kwa katundu ndi ukadaulo m'derali. , Kuyenda kwa ntchito, kuyenda kwa ndalama, kuphatikizapo kuyenda kwa anthu kudutsa malire kudzakhala ndi ubwino waukulu, kupanga "kupanga malonda".

Mwachitsanzo, makampani opanga zovala a ku Vietnam akatumiza zovala zawo ku China, adzayenera kulipira msonkho. Ngati alowa nawo mgwirizano wa malonda aulere, unyolo wamtengo wapatali m'chigawochi udzayamba kugwira ntchito. China imatumiza ubweya kuchokera ku Australia ndi New Zealand. Chifukwa chakuti yasaina mapangano a malonda aulere, ikhoza kutumiza ubweya wopanda msonkho mtsogolo. Pambuyo potumiza, idzalukidwa nsalu ku China. Nsalu iyi ikhoza kutumizidwa ku Vietnam. Vietnam imagwiritsa ntchito nsalu iyi popanga zovala isanatumizidwe ku South Korea, Japan, China ndi mayiko ena, izi zitha kukhala zopanda msonkho, zomwe zingathandize kuti makampani opanga zovala ndi zovala azikula, kuthetsa ntchito, komanso ndi yabwino kwambiri yotumizira kunja.

Chifukwa chake, pambuyo poti RCEP yasainidwa, ngati zinthu zoposa 90% pang'onopang'ono sizipereka msonkho, zidzalimbikitsa kwambiri mphamvu zachuma za mamembala oposa khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikizapo China.

Nthawi yomweyo, pankhani ya kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka chuma cha dzikolo komanso kuchepa kwa malonda ochokera kunja, RCEP idzabweretsa mwayi watsopano kwa malonda ochokera kunja kwa China monga nsalu ndi zovala.

Kodi makampani opanga nsalu akhudzidwa bwanji ndi ntchitoyi?

Malamulo Oyambira Athandiza Kufalitsa Zipangizo Zapamwamba za Nsalu

Chaka chino Komiti Yokambirana za RCEP idzayang'ana kwambiri pakukambirana ndi kukonzekera malamulo oyambira m'zigawo za anthu onse. Mosiyana ndi CPTPP, yomwe ili ndi malamulo okhwima oyambira pazinthu zomwe zili ndi misonkho yopanda msonkho m'maiko omwe ali mamembala, monga makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala. Kutengera lamulo la Ulusi Wotsogola, ndiko kuti, kuyambira pa ulusi, ziyenera kugulidwa kumayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti zisangalale ndi zokonda zopanda msonkho. Chimodzi mwa mfundo zazikulu za kuyesetsa kwa RCEP ndikuzindikira kuti mayiko 16 ali ndi satifiketi yofanana yoyambira, ndipo Asia idzaphatikizidwa mu chiyambi chomwecho. Palibe kukayika kuti izi zipatsa makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala m'maiko 16 awa omwe amapereka, Logistics ndi custom clearance zimabweretsa mwayi waukulu.

Idzathetsa mavuto a mafakitale opanga nsalu ku Vietnam

Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti Yoyambira ya Ofesi Yogulitsa Zinthu Zakunja ndi Kutumiza ku Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Zamalonda, Zheng Thi Chuxian, adati chinthu chachikulu chomwe chikuchitika mu RCEP chidzabweretsa phindu kumakampani ogulitsa zinthu zaku Vietnam ndi malamulo ake oyambira, kutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira kuchokera kumayiko ena omwe ali mamembala m'dziko limodzi. Chogulitsachi chimaonedwabe ngati dziko lomwe chinachokera.

Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi Vietnam pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira kuchokera ku China sizingakhale ndi misonkho yapamwamba zikatumizidwa ku Japan, South Korea, ndi India. Malinga ndi RCEP, zinthu zopangidwa ndi Vietnam pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira kuchokera kumayiko ena zimaonedwabe kuti ndi zochokera ku Vietnam. Misonkho yoperekedwa ikupezeka kuti itumizidwe kunja. Mu 2018, makampani opanga nsalu ku Vietnam adatumiza kunja ndalama zokwana madola 36.2 biliyoni aku US, koma zinthu zopangira zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja (monga thonje, ulusi, ndi zowonjezera) zidafika madola 23 biliyoni aku US, zomwe zambiri mwa izo zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku China, South Korea, ndi India. Ngati RCEP isainidwa, idzathetsa nkhawa za makampani opanga nsalu aku Vietnam pankhani ya zinthu zopangira.

Unyolo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopereka nsalu ukuyembekezeka kupanga njira yotsogola pakati pa China ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo

Ndi kusintha kosalekeza kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha nsalu ku China, kapangidwe ndi kupanga zipangizo zopangira ndi zothandizira, maulalo ena opangira zinthu zotsika mtengo asamutsidwira ku Southeast Asia. Ngakhale kuti malonda a China pa nsalu zomalizidwa ndi zovala ku Southeast Asia atsika, kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zopangira ndi zothandizira kudzawonjezeka kwambiri.

Ngakhale kuti makampani opanga nsalu m'maiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia omwe akuimiridwa ndi Vietnam akukwera, makampani opanga nsalu aku China sali pamalo oyenera kusinthidwa.

RCEP yomwe ikuthandizidwa ndi China ndi Southeast Asia cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa mgwirizano woterewu womwe uli wopindulitsa onse. Kudzera mu mgwirizano wachuma m'chigawo, China ndi mayiko aku Southeast Asia akhoza kukwaniritsa chitukuko chofanana.

Mtsogolomu, mu unyolo wapadziko lonse wopereka nsalu, njira yodziwika bwino ya China ndi mayiko oyandikana nayo ikuyembekezeka kupangidwa.