Ni gute watanga irangi rirambye ku myenda ya siporo irinda ibyuya no gukaraba?

Gusiga amarangi ku myenda ya siporo igihe kirekire bishingiye ku guhitamo amarangi akoreshwa cyangwa akoreshwa mu gusimbuka. Gutunganya neza imyenda mbere yo kuyitunganya no kuyitunganya neza nyuma yo kuyisiga ni ingenzi cyane. Abaguzi benshi bavuga ko amarangi ava amaraso ku ruhu cyangwa ku yindi myenda kandi agashira cyane nyuma yo kuyimesa. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo imyenda ya siporo igire imbaraga zo kwirinda ibyuya no kuyimesa. Gusobanukirwa ubu buryo bituma ibara n'imikorere biramba.

Ibintu by'ingenzi byakunzwe

• Hitamo amarangi akwiye ku myenda ya siporo. Amarangi akoreshwa mu guhindura isura akora ku myenda karemano. Amarangi akoreshwa mu guhindura isura akora ku myenda ya siporo. Ibi bituma amabara aramba.
• Tegura imyenda neza mbere yo kuyisiga irangi. Isukura imyenda ifata irangi neza. Ibi bifasha amabara kuguma ari amwe kandi yera.
• Koresha uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura nyuma yo gusiga irangi. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura bufite amabara menshi. Butuma imyenda ya siporo ikomera ikarinda ibyuya no kumesa.

Gusobanukirwa ubwoko bw'irangi ku myenda ya siporo iramba

Guhitamo ubwoko bw'irangi bukwiye ni ingenzi kugira ngo imyenda ya siporo irange irambe. Imigozi itandukanye isaba imiti yihariye kugira ngo irangi rikomeze kugorana mu gihe cy'ibyuya, kumesa no kubona urumuri.

Amarangi akoreshwa mu gutunganya irangi ry'umwimerere

Amarangi akoreshwa mu gukora ibintu ni meza ku migozi karemano nka ipamba, lin, na rayon, bikunze kugaragara mu mvange z'imyenda ya siporo. Aya marangi akora isano ikomeye ya shimi n'uturemangingo twa fibre. Amarangi akoreshwa mu gukora ibintu arimo amatsinda akora ibintu bifitanye isano na shimi hamwe n'amatsinda ya hydroxyl muri cellulose n'amatsinda ya amino muri fibre za poroteyine. Iyi reaction ikora covalent bonds. Imiterere rusange ya shimi y'aya marangi ishobora gusobanurwa nka WDB-Re, aho 'Re' isobanura itsinda rikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu. Ingero zihariye z'aya matsinda arimo gukora ibintu birimo triazine, pyrimidine, vinylsulfone, n'imiterere ishingiye kuri aside fosfoneAmarangi akoreshwa na fibre, nka irangi rya monoazo cyangwa dichlorotriazine, ryagenewe gukora imigozi ikomeye ya covalent hamwe n'imigozi mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi. Ibi bituma ibara rikomera cyane. Uku gufatana gukomeye bivuze ko ibara riba igice cya fibre ubwayo, bigatuma ridashobora gucika intege bitewe no gukaraba no kubira ibyuya.

Gutandukanya amarangi yo gukoresha insinga zikoze mu buryo bwa sintetike

Amarangi yo gukwirakwiza ni yo mahitamo y'ibanze ku migozi ya sintetike nka polyester, nylon, na acetate. Iyi migozi ntabwo ifite aho ihurira n'ingufu za covalent. Amarangi yo gukwirakwiza ni ntabwo ari ioni. Bishobora gushonga mu mazi gake cyane, bikaba ngombwa ko ikoreshwa mu buryo bugabanyijemo ibice kandi butatanye. Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi bwabo bushingiye ku gukwirakwira kwa molekile aho gushonga. Molekile z'irangi zinjira mu duce tudafite isura y'imigozi ya sintetike iyo zishyushye. Zikora imbaraga za van der Waals n'imigozi ya hydrophobic hamwe n'iminyururu ya polymer muri fibre. Hari ibintu byinshi bigira ingaruka kuri uku gukwirakwira, harimo ingano ya molekile y'irangi, imiterere ya fibre, n'ubushyuhe bw'impinduka z'ibirahuri bya fibre (Tg). Azo barbituric acid na thiobarbituric acid derivatives bifite imiterere yihariye ya molekile. Igice cya aside barbituric kirimo amatsinda menshi ya karubonili akorana n'imigozi y'imyenda, yongera uburyo bwo kuyungurura, gufata neza, no kwihuta kw'amabara. Itsinda rya azo, rihujwe n'igice cya barbituric, rishobora kubaho mu buryo butandukanye bwa tautomeric, rikagira uruhare mu miterere ya spectral na pH-responsive. Izi derivatives zigaragaza ubushobozi bwiza bwo kwakira electron.

💡 Inama: Ku myenda ya siporo ya polyester, amarangi akozwe mu buryo bwa dispersion atanga uburyo bwiza bwo kwihuta mu buryo bwa sublimation. Dukurikije amabwiriza ya ISO 105-P01, uburyo bwo kwihuta mu buryo bwa sublimation bw'irangi rikozwe mu buryo bwa dispersion ku myenda ya siporo ya polyester bukunze kugeragezwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ibara cyangwa igicucu gihinduka. 180°C cyangwa 210°C mu gihe cy'amasegonda 30. Hanyuma amanota akorwa ku gipimo cy'ivu cya 1-5. Iyo bipimwe hakurikijwe ISO 105-P01, ibisubizo by'ubudahangarwa bwo kwihuta ku bipimo bya PET biva ku ibara muri rusange biva ku rugero ruri hagati kugeza ku rwego rwiza cyane (Icyiciro cya 1-5, aho 1 ari mbi naho 5 ari nziza cyane). Ingero za PET zigaragaza ko sublimation yihuta cyane ugereranije n'imyenda ya acrylic na nylon irangi. Amarangi arimo amatsinda y'inyongera nka –NO2 na –Cl na yo yagaragaye ko agaragaza ko sublimation yihuta cyane.

Ibitekerezo ku myenda ya siporo mu gusiga irangi ry'ibara

Gusiga irangi ry'ibara ry'ibara bikubiyemo gushyira uduce tw'amabara tudashonga ku buso bw'imyenda ukoresheje agakoresho ko gufunga. Wino y'ibara igizwe n'amazi, ifu y'ibara ryiza, n'icyuma gifungaNubwo bikundwa gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihuse bitewe nuko bitangiza ubwivumbure kandi bitagira allergie, uburyo wino y'ibara ry'uruhu iba ku buso bw'imyenda, aho kwinjira mu migozi, bishobora gutuma imyenda isa n'aho yoroshye gato ugereranyije n'izindi wino z'imyenda. Imyenda iherutse gusigwa irangi ikunze kugaragaza ubukana cyangwa gukomera kwa mbereUbu bukomere bukunze kugabanuka iyo habayeho gusukurwa nyuma. Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi bukoresha igice cyo gufatanya, kizwi nka binder, gifasha ibara gufatana n'igitambaro. Nyuma yo gusigwa irangi, imyenda yumuka neza kugira ngo irangi rikomeze kuba ryiza. Nubwo irangi ritanga ubukonje bwiza, ubukonje bwaryo bushobora kuba buke ugereranyije n'irangi rikoreshwa cyangwa ritandukira kuko ibara ritavangavanga na fibre. Ibi bishobora kuba impungenge ku myenda ya siporo ihora imeswa kenshi.

Gushushanya irangi rya Vat kugira ngo rikomeze gukomera

Irangi rya Vat rizwiho ubushobozi bwaryo bwo kwihuta cyane, cyane cyane ku migozi ya cellulosic. Amarangi ya Vat ntatangira gushonga. Zigabanuka zikaba 'leuco' ishongesha mu buryo bwa alkaline kandi bugabanya, bigatuma zikwirakwira muri fibre. Iyo zihuye n'umwuka cyangwa ibintu bigabanya ogisijeni, ibara rya leuco risubira mu ibara ryaryo rya mbere ridashobora gushonga. Iri bara ridashobora gushonga riba rifatiwe muri fibre, bigatuma molekile z'irangi zidashobora gukaraba, gukaraba, n'imiti. Ibara rya Vat rigira ubushobozi bwo gufotora bitewe n'imiterere ya molekile, ituma zidashobora gushonga kandi zigatuma zigumana ibara ryazo nubwo zamaze igihe kinini zigaragara mu mucyo. Ibara rya Vat ridashobora gushonga muri fibre kandi rigakora isano rya shimi, rituma zidahinduka nubwo zaba zirimo gukaraba cyane cyangwa bleach. Ibi bituma zikwiriye imyenda ya siporo ikora neza isaba kuramba cyane.

ISO 105 B02 ni igipimo mpuzamahanga gisanzwe cyo kwihuta kw'amabara kugeza ku mucyoBikubiyemo gushyira icyitegererezo cy'imyenda icyarimwe n'ibikoresho by'ubwoya bw'ubururu. Icyitegererezo cyo gupima gihita gitangwa ugereranije n'icyitegerezo cy'ubwoya bw'ubururu. Igipimo cy'ubwoya bw'ubururu kiri hagati ya 1 (ubudaheta cyane bw'amabara kugeza ku mucyo) kugeza kuri 8 (ubudaheta cyane bw'amabara kugeza ku mucyo).

Gutunganya neza imyenda no kuyikoresha mu guha irangi imyenda ya siporo

Kugira ngo ubone ibara rirambye mu myenda ya siporo bisaba ibirenze guhitamo irangi rikwiye gusa. Gutegura imyenda no kuyisiga irangi ubwabyo bigira uruhare runini. Gutunganya neza mbere y'uko irangi ritangira bituma imyenda yakira irangi neza. Uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyisiga butuma irangi ritagorana. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyisiga nyuma yo kuyisiga butuma irangi rikomeza kumera neza kandi bugatuma imyenda ikora neza.

Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura mbere yo kuvurwa

Gutegura imyenda ni intambwe ya mbere y'ingenzi mu gusiga irangi ry'imyenda ya siporo rirambye. Bikuraho imyanda ishobora kubangamira uburyo irangi rishyirwamo. Ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi ni ugusiga irangi no kurihindura ibara.

Gusukura ni igikorwa cyo gusukura. Bikuraho imyanda mu migozi, mu budodo, cyangwa mu mwenda. Ibi bikunze kuba birimo gukaraba hakoreshejwe imiti ya alkaline. Gusukura bikuraho ibintu bitari cellulosique mu ipamba. Bikuraho kandi amavuta, umwanda, ibikoresho karemano, n'ibintu birwanya static. Iyi myanda ituma fibre idafata. Gusukura bituma umwenda unyurwa cyane. Bifasha mu gukurura irangi no kwinjira mu binyabutabire. Iyi nzira ituma umwenda ukomeza kumera nabi cyane. Ibi bibikora nta kwangirika gukomeye kwa shimi cyangwa imiterere y'umubiri. Gusukura neza birinda ibibazo nko gusiga irangi ry'udusimba. Ibisiga cyangwa ibikoresho by'inyuma, iyo bitakuweho, byatera ibi bibazo.

Gusiba ibara ni uburyo bwa shimi. Bikuraho ibintu bidakenewe mu migozi. Gusiba ibara bikuraho ibara ry'imyanda idakurwaho no gusiba. Bitegura umwenda kugira ngo ukomeze kurangiza nko gusiga irangi cyangwa gucapa. Gusiba ibara ry'imyenda bikuraho ibara ry'imyenda. Binatuma ibikoresho birushaho kwinjiza ibara. Uku kubyibuha neza ni ingenzi cyane mu gusiba no gucapa neza.

Uburyo buhanitse bwo Gusiga Irangi mu Gutuma Ibara Rirushaho Kwihuta

Ubuhanga bwo gusiga amarangi bugezweho butanga impinduka zikomeye mu gutuma ibara ritagorana kandi rirambye. Ubu buryo bunongera uburyo amarangi afatana n'imigozi.

Gusiga irangi rya CO2 mu buryo bugezweho ni uburyo bushya. Bukoresha dioxyde de carbone nk'uburyo bwo gusiga irangi. Iri koranabuhanga rigeraho nta gukoresha amazi. Iyi gahunda ishongesha irangi ry’ibintu mu mazi ya dioxyde de carbone surcritical. Aya mazi ahita yinjira mu gikoresho cy’irangi. Irangi rihita ryinjira ku buso bwa fibre. Hanyuma ryinjira mu gice cy’imbere cya fibre. Gufata irangi bibaho iyo irangi ryimbitse kuri fibre no mu mazi rigeze ku rugero rumwe. Nyuma yo gusiga irangi, kugabanya umuvuduko bisohora dioxyde de carbone. Ibi bituma imyenda yumye irangi nta buryo bwo kumisha butandukanye. Irangi na dioxyde de carbone byombi bisubirwamo burundu kandi bigakoreshwa. Ibi bituma habaho irangi ridafite umwanda kandi ridafite imyanda. Ku migozi ya polyester (PET), gusiga irangi rya CO2 supercritical bigira akamaro cyane. Amarangi atatanye agaragaza ubushobozi bwo gushonga cyane muri CO2 supercritical kuruta mu mazi. Molekyu za CO2 zinjira byoroshye kandi zigakura ahantu hadafite ikintu kiri hagati y’imigozi ya PET polymer. Ibi byongera uburyo imigozi ya polymer igenda, bigatuma irangi rikwirakwira neza. Ingero za PET zashushanyijwe hifashishijwe ubu buryo zigaragaza Ibara rigabanuka cyane, imbaraga z'amabara (K/S), n'ubushobozi bwo kwihutaIbi bigereranywa n'uburyo busanzwe bwo gusiga amarangi.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amarangi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya Ultrasonic Bituma irangi ryinjira neza. Bigabanya igihe cyo kuritunganya.. Imiraba ya Ultrasonic ikora uduheri duto cyane, tuzwi nka cavitation, mu bwogero bw'irangi. Cavitation yongera ikwirakwizwa ry'irangi. Inoza kubyimba kwa fibre. Inacamo ibice by'irangi. Ibi bituma irangi ryinjira neza mu migozi y'imyenda. Ingaruka ni uko ibara riba ryiza kandi rigahita rihinduka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura nyuma yo gusiga irangi kugira ngo burambe cyane

Nyuma yo gusiga irangi, uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura burushaho kongera igihe cyo kuramba kw'amabara no gukora neza kw'imyenda. Ubu buryo bwo kuvura burimo ibintu bishyiraho irangi n'ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe.

Imiti ifata irangi rya Cationic ni ingenzi cyane ku marangi akoreshwa mu gukaraba. Ituma irangi rikomeza gukaraba. Iyi miti ifite amashanyarazi meza. Ikorana n'udukoko tw'irangi dukoresha ingufu nke. Iyi mikoranire ituma habaho imbaraga zikomeye zituma irangi rikomeza gukaraba. Ibi bituma irangi rikomeza gukaraba mu buryo buhamye. Ibi byongera imbaraga zitose, imbaraga zigakaraba, kandi bikarwanya ibyuya. Uburyo bw'imiti burimo:

1. Ihuriro rya Ionic: Ibikoresho byo gufata cationic birema ahantu hakwirakwira hifashishijwe aside sulfonic irimo aside aside anionic. Ibi birema imigozi ya ionic. Iyi migozi ifata neza molekile z'irangi ku buso bwa fibre. Ibi bizirinda gukaraba.
2. Gukora Filime: Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishyiraho agahu gato kandi gakingira ku buso bw'umugozi urimo irangi. Iyi firime ikora nk'uruzitiro rufatika. Irinda molekile z'irangi gusohoka mu mazi yo gukaraba. Irinda kandi imigozi ihuza irangi n'imigozi yo mu bwoko bwa fibre kugira ngo idashwanyagurika cyangwa ngo ikoreshwe mu gihe cyo kumesa.
3. Imiterere igoye: Ibikoresho byo gukosora bishobora gukora ubwoko buhamye bw’irangi bufite molekile zikora neza. Izi molekile zirakomeye kurusha molekile z’irangi ku giti cyazo. Akenshi zigira ubushobozi buke bwo gushonga mu mazi. Ibi birushaho gutuma irangi ridasohoka mu gihe cyo kumesa.

Udukoresho tworoshye natwo dukoreshwa nyuma yo gusiga irangi. Tunoza imiterere y'imyenda n'imikorere yayo. Udukoresho tworoshye tudakoresha ionic ni ingirakamaro ku myenda ikora neza. Dutanga imiterere yoroshye kandi yoroshye y'intoki nta mavuta menshi arimo. Udukoresho tworoshye dukomeza ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi mu myenda. Ibi bituma amazi yiyongera vuba kandi agahita ahinduka. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu agire ihumure mu gihe cyo kwambara neza. Nanone nta mpamvu yo gutera umuhondo. Ibi bibungabunga ubwiza bw'imyenda y'amabara yoroheje. Udukoresho tworoshye dukoresha silicone yoroshye ni ingenzi cyane ku myenda ya siporo. Binongera ubushobozi bwo gukurura amazi. Ibi bituma imyenda yihuta kandi ikavana ibyuya. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gucunga ubushuhe no kugenzura ubushyuhe. Udukoresho tworoshye kandi dutanga imiterere yoroshye kandi yoroshye ku ntoki. Bigabanya gukururana no gukururwa. Bigira uruhare mu kuramba kw'imyenda. Birwanya umuhondo kandi bigakomeza kugira ibara ryiza.

Guhitamo imyenda ikwiye kugira ngo ikomeze kuba irangi ryiza mu myenda ya siporo

Guhitamo umwenda ukwiye ni ingenzi kimwe no guhitamo irangi rikwiye ryo gusiga amarangi ku myenda ya siporo iramba. Imyenda itandukanye igira ingaruka ku marangi n'uburyo akoreshwa. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku buryo agumana ibara ridashobora gukurwamo ibyuya cyangwa gukaraba.

Polyester kugira ngo irangi rirusheho gukomera

Polyester iragaragara cyane kubera ko idahinduka cyane mu ibara ryayo. iminyururu ya polymer ifatanye neza bisaba amarangi yihariye ashobora kwinjira muri fibre mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Fibre za polyester nazo ntizikunda amazi. Nta hantu hashobora gushyirwa irangi. Ibi bituma zakira irangi ritavanze ritari irangi. Aya marangi ashobora kwinjira mu gice cy'imbere cy'ifibre, bigatuma habaho amabara meza kandi arambye.

Ibiranga irangi rya Nylon

Nylon ifite imiterere yihariye yo gusiga irangi. Yemera byoroshye amarangi ya aside, birema imigozi ikomeye ya ioni hamwe n'imiterere yayo ya polymer. Ibi bituma habaho amabara meza kandi adakaraba. Kugenzura neza pH mu bwogero bw'irangi rikozwe muri aside ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo irangi rishyirwe kuri nylon neza. Imiterere ya nylon, cyane cyane imigozi y'amide, igira uruhare mu gutuma irangi ryayo riba ryiza cyane ugereranije na polyester, ifite aho ihurira na ester. Ariko, kugera ku ibara rimwe no kwihuta neza ku myenda ya siporo ya nylon bitera imbogamizi. Ihindagurika ry'imiterere ya fibre rishobora gutera kwinjira mu irangi ritaringaniye. Gutunganya nabi mbere y'uko irangi rikoreshwa nabi bibangamira uburyo rifatwa. Irangi rishobora gutandukana mu gihe cyo kumesa iyo ritakozwe neza. Imirasire ya UV ishobora gusenya molekile z'irangi, bigatera gucika. Gucikagurika bishobora gutuma irangi rijya ahandi hantu. Agaciro ka pH k'umuti w'irangi kagira ingaruka zikomeye ku irangiKugenzura ubushyuhe, cyane cyane hagati ya 65-85°C, nabyo ni ingenzi mu gukumira irangi ritari ryiza.

Imbogamizi zo gusiga imyenda ivanze n'ibara

Gusiga irangi ku myenda ivanze, nka polyester/pamba cyangwa polyester/spandex, bitanga imbogamizi zidasanzwe. Iyi mivange ihuza imigozi n'imivange itandukanye y'irangi. Ku mivange ya polyester/pamba, akenshi haba ngombwa gukoresha uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ry'ipamba. Ibi bisaba kubanza gusiga irangi ku gice cy'ipamba ukoresheje ubwoko bumwe bw'irangi, hanyuma ugasubiramo uburyo igice cy'ipamba ukoresheje irindi rangi. Ubu buryo bukunze gutuma habaho ingaruka zidasobanutse cyangwa zifite ibara rito aho kuba ibara rito. Kugera ku ibara rito kandi rito biragoye bitewe n'imivange itandukanye y'irangi. Imivange ya polyester/spandex ihura n'ibibazo nka kuva amaraso mu gihe cyo gusukura cyangwa gusukura amazi. Ingufu nyinshi zikunze gukenerwa iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gusiga irangi. Kudakora neza kw'amabara bishobora guterwa n'irangi ku gice cya spandex. Kuva amaraso ku ibara ry'ubuso bigira ingaruka ku buryo amazi yihuta mu gukarabaSpandex ishobora kandi kwangirika mu gihe cyo kurangiza. Ingamba zo kugabanya ubukana zirimo gukoresha imiti yihariye yo kumesa, amafirime yo kurinda, n'imiti yongera irangi.

Kugira ngo umuntu agere ku myenda ya siporo iramba, idashyuha kandi idakaraba bisaba uburyo busesuye bwo gusiga irangi ku myenda ya siporo. Ibi bisaba guhitamo irangi witonze, gutegura imyenda neza, no gukoresha uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyisiga irangi. Uburyo bwiza bwo kuyisiga nyuma yo kuyikoresha nabwo ni ingenzi. Ingamba zihamye zituma imyenda ya siporo iramba kandi ikora neza, bityo ikaba ihuye n’ibyo abaguzi bifuza kugira ngo ibe nziza kandi ikomeze kubaho.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kuki amarangi akoreshwa mu buryo butunguranye kandi akwirakwira ari meza ku myenda ya siporo?

Amarangi akoreshwa mu gukora ibara ry’ubumara ahuza n’imigozi karemano. Amarangi akwirakwira yinjira mu migozi y’ubumara. Ubwo buryo bwombi butuma ibara rikomera cyane mu kwirinda ibyuya no gukaraba.

Ni gute gutunganya imyenda mbere yo kuyitunganya bifasha mu kuramba kwayo?

Gutunganya mbere y'uko bikuraho imyanda. Bituma imyenda irushaho gukurura. Ibi bituma amarangi yinjira cyane kandi neza. Birinda amabara adasobanutse kandi bikongera umuvuduko.

Ni iki gituma amabara y'imyenda ya siporo ashira uko igihe kigenda gihita?

Gukaraba kenshi, ibyuya, no kwihisha mu mirasire ya UV bishobora kwangiza irangi. Guhitamo irangi nabi cyangwa kudakoresha neza nyuma yo kuritunganya nabyo bigira uruhare mu gutuma rigabanuka.