Maitiro Ekugadzira Dhayi Inogara Kwezvipfeko Zvemitambo Zvinotsungirira Kudikitira Nekuwachisa?

Kudhaya zvipfeko zvemitambo kwenguva refu kunoenderana nekusarudza madhayi anochinja ruvara kana anopararira. Kurapa machira zvakanaka uye kurapwa kwacho kunoshanda mushure mekuachenesa kwakakosha. Vatengi vazhinji vanoti madhayi anobuda ropa paganda kana pane zvimwe zvipfeko uye anopera simba mushure mekuageza. Nzira idzi dzakakosha pakudzivirira ziya nekusuka muzvipfeko zvemitambo. Kunzwisisa matekiniki aya kunoita kuti ruvara rugare kwenguva refu uye rushande zvakanaka.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva

• Sarudza madhayi akakodzera zvipfeko zvemitambo. Madhayi anochinja-chinja anoshanda pamachira echisikigo. Madhayi anopararira anoshanda pamachira ekugadzira. Izvi zvinoita kuti mavara agare kwenguva refu.
• Gadzirira machira zvakanaka usati wadhaya. Machira akachena anotora dhayi zviri nani. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti mavara arambe akaenzana uye akajeka.
• Shandisa mishonga yakakosha mushure mekudhaya. Mishonga iyi ine mavara akasiyana. Inoita kuti zvipfeko zvemitambo zvirambe zvakasimba kuti zvisatsvedze ziya uye zvisawachiswe.

Kunzwisisa Mhando dzeDye dzeDye dzeMitambo Dzinogara

Kusarudza rudzi rwedhayi rwakakodzera kwakakosha kuti zvipfeko zvemitambo zvirambe zvakapfava. Matayi akasiyana anoda makemikari chaiwo edhayi kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti ruvara haruchinji, harubviswi, uye harusvikiki.

Madhayi Anochinja-chinja eFiber dzechisikigo

Madhayi ereactive akanakira mafiber echisikigo akadai sedonje, rineni, uye rayon, ayo anowanikwa mumisanganiswa yezvipfeko zvemitambo. Madhayi aya anoumba chisungo chakasimba chemakemikari nemamorekuru efiber. Madhayi ereactive ane mapoka anoshanda anosangana nemakemikari nemapoka ehydroxyl mu cellulose nemapoka eamino muprotein fibers. Kuita uku kunoumba ma covalent bonds. Maumbirwo emakemikari edhayi aya anogona kumiririrwa seWDB-Re, apo 'Re' inomiririra boka rereactive. Mienzaniso chaiyo yemapoka aya ereactive inosanganisira triazine, pyrimidine, vinylsulfone, uye phosphonic acid-based structuresMadhayi anoshandiswa nefiber, akadai se madhayi emonoazo kana dichlorotriazine, akagadzirwa kuti aumbe ma covalent bonds akasimba neshinda panguva yekudhaya. Izvi zvinoita kuti ruvara rurambe rwakasimba. Kubatana uku kwakasimba kunoreva kuti ruvara rwunova chikamu cheshinda pachayo, zvichiita kuti isanyangarika zvakanyanya nekugezwa uye ziya.

Paradzira Dhayi dzeMafiber Ekugadzira

Madhayi ekuparadzanisa ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira machira ekugadzira akadai sepolyester, nylon, uye acetate. Machira aya haana nzvimbo dzinoita kuti pave nekubatana kwe covalent. Madhayi ekuparadzanisa ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira machira ekugadzira. Hazvina ionic. Hazvinyungudike zvakanyanya mumvura, zvichiita kuti zviome kushandiswa muchimiro chakakamurwa zvakanaka, chakapararira. Maitiro avo ekudhaya anoenderana nekupararira kwemamorekuru pane kunyungudika. Mamorekuru edhayi anotamira munzvimbo dzisina chimiro dzemafiber ekugadzira kana apiswa. Anoumba van der Waals forces uye hydrophobic bonds nema polymer chains mukati mefiber. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinopesvedzera kupararira uku, zvinosanganisira saizi yemamorekuru edhayi, crystallinity yefiber, uye girazi rekuchinja kwefiber (Tg). Azo barbituric acid uye thiobarbituric acid derivatives dzine maumbirwo akasiyana emamorekuru. Chikamu chebarbituric acid chine mapoka akawanda ecarbonyl anosangana neshinda dzemachira, zvichiwedzera kunyungudika, kugadziriswa, uye kukurumidza kwemavara. Boka reAzo, rakabatana nechikamu chebarbituric, rinogona kuvapo mumhando dzakasiyana dzetautomeric, zvichibatsira mukuita kwespectral properties uye pH-responsive behavior. Izvi zvinogadzirwa zvinoratidza kugona kwakanaka kwekugamuchira maerekitironi.

💡 Zano: Kune zvipfeko zvemitambo zvepolyester, madhayi akapararira anopa kukurumidza kwe sublimation kwakanaka. Pasi pemitemo yeISO 105-P01, kukurumidza kwe sublimation kwemadhayi akapararira pazvipfeko zvemitambo zvepolyester kunowanzo ongororwa kuti kuonekwe kana paine dhayi kana kuti mumvuri wakachinja pa 180°C kana 210°C kwemasekonzi makumi matatu. Chiyero ichi chinozoitwa pachikero chegrey che1-5. Kana zvikaedzwa zvichienderana neISO 105-P01, mhedzisiro yekusimba kwesublimation yemasampuli ePET akapendwa inowanzova pakati nepakati kusvika pakanakisa (Giredhi 1-5, apo 1 isina kunaka uye 5 yakanaka kwazvo). PET sampuro dzinowanzo kuratidza kusimba kwesublimation kuri nani zvishoma zvichienzaniswa nemachira akapendwa neacrylic nenylon. Madhayi ane mapoka ekuchinja akadai se –NO2 ne –Cl akaonekwawo achiratidza kusimba kwesublimation kuri nani.

Zvinhu Zvinofanira Kufungwa Nezvekudhaya Pigment paMitambo

Kudhaya pigment kunosanganisira kuisa zvidimbu zvemavara zvisinganyungudike pamusoro pejira uchishandisa binder. Inki dzeruvara dzinoumbwa nemvura, upfu hwakatsetseka hweruvara, uye chinhu chinosungaKunyange zvazvo dzichinyanya kufarirwa kushandiswa zviri nyore nekuda kwekuti hadzina allergy uye hadzina allergy, nzira iyo inki yepigment inogara pamusoro pejira, pane kupinda mufibers, inogona kuita kuti jira rinzwe risina kunyorova zvishoma kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe inki dzemachira. Machira achangobva kupendwa neruvara rwepigment anowanzo ratidza kuomarara kana kuomarara pakutangaKuomarara uku kunowanzo derera kana washwa pashure. Maitiro ekudhaya anosanganisira chinhu chinosunga, chinozivikanwa sebinder, chinobatsira kuti ruvara rubatane nepamusoro pejira. Mushure mekunge binder yaiswa, mbatya dzinoomeswa zvakanaka kuti dhayi igare yakachena. Kunyange zvazvo pigments dzichipa hunyoro hwakanaka, hunyoro hwadzo hwekushambidza hunogona kunge hwakaderera pane reactive kana dispersed dyes nekuti ruvara harubatane nefiber nemakemikari. Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko kune zvipfeko zvemitambo zvinowachwa nguva nenguva.

Kudhaya Vat Kuti Igare Yakasimba

Madhayi eVat anozivikanwa nekusimba kwawo kwakanyanya, kunyanya kune fiber dze cellulosic. Madhayi eVat haanyungudike pakutanga. Dzinoderedzwa kuita 'leuco' inonyungudika muchimiro chealkaline uye chinodzikisa, zvichivabvumira kupararira mufiber. Kana dzasvikwa mumhepo kana oxidizing agents, fomu re leuco rinodzokera kuchimiro charo chepakutanga chepigment isinganyungudike. Pigment iyi isinganyungudike inobatwa mukati mefiber, zvichiita kuti mamorekuru edhayi asapindwe, chiedza, uye makemikari. Madhayi eVat ane simba rekutsvedza nekuda kwechimiro chawo chemamorekuru, izvo zvinoita kuti asapindwe nephotodegradation uye zvinovabvumira kuchengetedza ruvara rwavo kunyangwe mushure mekusvikwa nechiedza kwenguva refu. Madhayi eVat haanyungudike mukati mefiber uye anoumba chisungo chemakemikari, zvichiita kuti arambe asina kuchinja kunyangwe ari mumamiriro ekushambidzwa kana bleach. Izvi zvinoita kuti akwanise kupfeka zvipfeko zvemitambo zvinoshanda zvakanyanya zvinoda kugara kwenguva refu.

ISO 105 B02 ndiyo mwero wepasi rose wekuti ruvara runokurumidza kusvika kuchiedza. Zvinosanganisira kuburitsa muenzaniso wejira panguva imwe chete nechinhu chebhuruu cherunako. Kupera kwemuenzaniso wekuyedza kunozoongororwa zvichienzaniswa nebhuruu cherunako. Chikero chebhuruu cherunako chinotangira pa1 (kusimba kwemavara kwakaderera kusvika kuchiedza) kusvika pa8 (kusimba kwemavara kwakakwirira kusvika kuchiedza).

Kugadzirisa Kugadzirira Kwejira uye Kushandiswa Kwekudhaya Zvipfeko Zvemitambo

Kuwana ruvara rwakasimba muzvipfeko zvemitambo kunoda zvinopfuura kungosarudza madhayi akakodzera. Kugadzirira machira uye maitiro ekudhaya pachawo anoita basa rakakosha. Kugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwejira kunoona kuti jira rinogamuchira dhayi zvakaenzana. Nzira dzepamusoro dzekudhaya dzinowedzera kusimba kweruvara. Zvinobudirira mushure mekurapa zvinovhara ruvara uye zvinovandudza mashandiro ejira.

Maitiro Akakosha Ekurapa Pamberi Pekurapwa

Kugadzira machira ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yakakosha pakudhaya zvipfeko zvemitambo zvinogara kwenguva refu. Inobvisa tsvina inogona kukanganisa kupinza kwedhayi. Maitiro maviri akakosha kukwesha nekupukuta.

Kukwesha inzira yekuchenesa. Inobvisa tsvina kubva mushinda, shinda, kana jira. Izvi zvinowanzosanganisira kushambidza ne alkaline solutions. Kukwesha kunobvisa zvinhu zvisiri cellulosic kubva mudonje. Inobvisawo mafuta anonhuhwirira, tsvina, zvinhu zvechisikigo, uye antistatic agents. Tsvina iyi inoita kuti fiber isanyerere. Kukwesha inoita kuti jira rinyatsonyungudutsa. Zvinobatsira kuti dhayi nemakemikari zvipindeMaitiro aya anosiya jira riri mumamiriro ekunyudza zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita pasina kukuvara kwakakosha kwemakemikari kana kwemuviri. Kukwesha zvakanaka kunodzivirira matambudziko akadai sekudhaya zvisina kujeka. Wakisi kana zvinhu zvekunze, kana zvikasabviswa, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko aya.

Kuchenesa ibasa remakemikari. Kunobvisa zvinhu zvisina ruvara zvisingadiwi kubva mushinda. Kuchenesa kunobvisa ruvara rwetsvina rusingabviswe nekukwesha. Kunogadzirira jira kuti rigadziriswe mamwe maitiro akadai sekudhaya kana kudhinda. Kuchenesa kunobvisa ruvara rusingadiwi. Kunovandudzawo zvakanyanya kunyungudika kwechinhu chacho. Kunyungudika uku kwakakosha pakudhaya nekudhinda zvinobudirira.

Matekiniki Epamusoro Ekugadzira Dhayi Ekuvandudza Kukurumidza Kwemavara

Maitiro emazuva ano ekudhaya anopa kuvandudzwa kukuru mukusachinja ruvara uye kugara kwenguva refu. Nzira idzi dzinovandudza mashandiro anoita madhayi kufibers.

Kudhaya CO2 nenzira ye supercritical inzira itsva. Inoshandisa carbon dioxide senzira yekudhaya. Iyi tekinoroji inoita kuti hapana kushandiswa kwemvura. Maitiro aya anonyungudutsa mamorekuru edhayi mumuto wekabhoni diokisijeni unonyanya kukosha. Mvura iyi inobva yapararira mutangi rekuita. Dhayi inokurumidza kupinda pamusoro pefayibha. Yobva yapinda mukati mefayibha. Kugadzika kwedhayi kunoitika kana huwandu hwedhayi pafayibha nemumuto hwasvika pakuenzana. Mushure mekudhayiwa, kuderedza kumanikidzwa kunoburitsa kabhoni diokisijeni. Izvi zvinoguma nemachira akaoma akapendwa pasina nzira yakasiyana yekuomesa. Dhayi nekabhoni diokisijeni zvinodzokororwazve zvizere uye zvinoshandiswazve. Izvi zvinotungamira kune maitiro ekudhayiwa uye ekupedzisa asina kusvibiswa uye asina marara. Kune mafiber epolyester (PET), kudhayiwa kwekabhoni diokisijeni kunoshanda zvikuru. Madhayi ekupararira anoratidza kunyungudika kwakanyanya muCO2 inonyanya kukosha kupfuura mumvura. Mamorekuru eCO2 anopinda nyore nyore uye anozadza nzvimbo dzisina chinhu pakati pePET polymer chains. Izvi zvinowedzera kufamba kwecheni dzepolymer, zvichibvumira kupararira kwedhayi kuri nani. Samples dzePET dzakapendwa nenzira iyi dzinoratidza Kupera kwedhayi kwakanyanya, simba reruvara (K/S), uye hunhu hwekumhanyaIzvi zvinoenzaniswa nenzira dzemazuva ano dzekudhaya.

Tekinoroji yekudhaya yeUltrasonic zvakare inovandudza kupinda kwedhayi. Inoderedza nguva yekugadzirisa.Mafungu eUltrasonic anogadzira mabubble madiki, anozivikanwa se cavitation, mubhavhu redhayi. Cavitation inowedzera kupararira kwedhayi. Inovandudza kuzvimba kwefiber. Inopwanyawo ma aggregates edhayi. Izvi zvinoita kuti dhayi ipinde zvakanaka mumafiber ejira. Mugumisiro wacho ndewemhando yepamusoro yeruvara uye kukurumidza kudhayiwa.

Kurapa Mushure mekudhaya Kuti Igare Yakasimba

Mushure mekudhaya, marapirwo chaiwo anowedzera kusimba kwemavara uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemachira. Marapirwo aya anosanganisira zvinogadzirisa machira uye zvinonyorovesa.

Mishonga yekuisa dhayi yeCationic inokosha pakugadzira madhayi anochinja ruvara. Inovandudza kusimba kwewash. Mishonga iyi ine simba remagetsi rakanaka. Inoshanda nemamorekuru edhayi anochinja ruvara asina chaji. Kushanda pamwe chete uku kunoita kuti pave nekukwezvana kwakasimba kwemagetsi. Izvi zvinoumba complex yakasimba inovhara dhayi muchimiro chefiber. Izvi zvinowedzera kusimba kwemvura, kusimba kwewash, uye kuramba ziya. Maitiro emakemikari anosanganisira:

1. Kubatana kweIonic: Ma cationic fixing agents anogadzira electrostatic attractions ane negative charge sulfonic acid groups ema anionic reactive dyes. Izvi zvinogadzira ionic bonds. Ma bonds aya anobata zvakasimba mamorekuru edhayi pamusoro pefiber. Izvi zvinoadzivirira kuti asasukwe.
2. Kugadzira Mafirimu: Zvimwe zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzira firimu rakatetepa, rinodzivirira pamusoro pefaibha yakapendwa. Firimu iyi inoshanda sechidziviriro chemuviri. Inodzivirira mamorekuru edhayi kuti asaburitse mumvura yekugezesa. Inodzivirirawo mabhondi edhayi-fiber kubva mukukweshwa uye kurwiswa nemakemikari panguva yekuwacha.
3. Kuumbwa Kwakaomarara: Zvinogadzirisa zvinogona kugadzira macomplexes akagadzikana ane mamorekuru edhayi anochinja-chinja. Macomplexes aya akagadzikana kupfuura mamorekuru edhayi ega ega. Anowanzova nemvura shoma inonyunguduka. Izvi zvinodzivirirawo dhayi kuti isabude panguva yekugeza.

Zvinonyorovesa zvinoshandiswawo mushure mekudhaya. Zvinovandudza kunzwa uye mashandiro ejira. Zvinonyorovesa zvisiri zveionic zvakanakira machira anoshanda zvakanyanya. Zvinopa kunzwa kwakapfava, kwakapfava kweruoko pasina kubata mafuta. Zvinonyorovesa izvi zvinochengetedza hydrophilicity yejira. Izvi zvinobvumira kunyungudika kwehunyoro nekukurumidza. Izvi zvakakosha kuti jira rive rakasununguka pakupfeka. Hazvinawo mukana wekukonzera yero. Izvi zvinochengetedza kupenya kwemachira ane ruvara rwakajeka. Zvinonyorovesa silicone inonyungudika inonyanya kukosha pazvipfeko zvemitambo. Zvinowedzera hydrophilicity. Izvi zvinobvumira machira kunyungudika nekukurumidza uye kubvisa ziya. Izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirisa hunyoro uye kudzora tembiricha. Izvi zvinonyorovesa izvi zvinopawo kunzwa kwemaoko kwakapfava uye kwakapfava. Zvinoderedza kukweshana nekukwesha. Zvinobatsira pakugara kwenguva refu kwezvipfeko. Zvinodzivisa yero uye zvinochengetedza ruvara rwakanaka.

Kusarudza Machira Akakodzera Ekuchengetedza Dhayi Yakanaka Muzvipfeko Zvemitambo

Kusarudza jira rakakodzera kwakakosha sekusarudza madhayi akakodzera ekudhaya zvipfeko zvemitambo zvinogara kwenguva refu. Matayi akasiyana anokanganisa madhayi nenzira dzakasiyana uye anobatsira pakurapa. Izvi zvinokanganisa kuti anochengetedza sei ruvara kubva padikita nekusuka.

Polyester yekusimbisa ruvara rwepamusoro

Polyester inoratidzika zvakanaka nekuda kwekusachinja ruvara kwayo. cheni dzepolymer dzakanyatsorongedzwa inoda madhayi akasarudzika anogona kupinda mufayibha kana tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa. Mafayi epolyester haadiwo mvura. Haana nzvimbo dzeionic dzekunamira dhayi. Izvi zvinoita kuti agamuchire madhayi asina ionic dispersion. Madhayi aya anogona kupinda mukati mefayibha, zvichiita kuti pave nemavara anopenya uye anogara kwenguva refu.

Hunhu hweKudhaya kweNylon

Nylon ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwekudhaya. Inogamuchira zviri nyore madhayi easidhi, zvichigadzira zvisungo zvakasimba zve ionic nechimiro chayo chepolymer. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemavara anopenya uye asingasvibi. Kudzora pH chaiyo mubhavhu redhayi rine acidic kwakakosha kuti dhayi igare zvakanaka panylon. Kemikari ye molecular yenylon, kunyanya yayo zvisungo zveamide, inobatsira kuti idhayike zviri nani kana tichienzanisa nepolyester, iyo ine ester links. Zvisinei, kuwana ruvara rwakafanana uye kukurumidza kwakanaka pazvipfeko zvemitambo zvenylon kune matambudziko. Kusiyana kwehunhu hwefaibha kunogona kukonzera kupinda kwedhayi zvisina kuenzana. Kusagadziriswa zvakanaka kwedhayi kunokanganisawo kunamatira kwedhayi. Madhayi anogona kubva panguva yekusuka kana asina kugadziriswa zvakanaka. Mwaranzi yeUV inogona kupwanya mamorekuru edhayi, zvichikonzera kupera simba. Kukweshana kunogona kukonzera kutamiswa kwedhayi kune dzimwe nzvimbo. pH kukosha kwemushonga wedhayi kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kutorwa kwedhayiKudzora tembiricha, kunyanya pakati pe65-85°C, kwakakoshawo kudzivirira kudhaya zvisina kuenzana.

Matambudziko Emicheka Yakasanganiswa Nekudhaya

Kudhaya machira akasanganiswa, akadai sepolyester/donje kana polyester/spandex, kune matambudziko akasiyana. Misanganiswa iyi inosanganisa shinda nedhayi dzakasiyana. Kune misanganiswa yepolyester/donje, nzira yedhayi mbiri inowanzo dikanwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudhaya chikamu chedonje kutanga nerudzi rumwe rwedhayi, wozodzokorora maitiro echikamu chepolyester nedhayi imwe. Nzira iyi inowanzo guma nemhedzisiro isina kugadzikana kana yetoni pane ruvara rwakasimba. Kuwana ruvara rwakasimba rwakafanana uye runopenya kwakaoma nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzedhayi. Misanganiswa yepolyester/spandex inosangana nematambudziko akadai se kubuda ropa panguva yekuchenesa kana kupukuta. Simba rakawanda rinowanzo diwa kana tembiricha yedhayi yakakwiraKusasimba kwemavara kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekudhaya pachikamu chespandex. Kubuda kweruvara pamusoro kunokanganisa kukurumidza kwekugezaSpandex inogonawo kupwanyika panguva yekupedzisa. Nzira dzekuderedza dambudziko dzinosanganisira kushandisa mishonga yekuwachisa, mafirimu ekudzivirira, uye zvinosimudzira kupararira kwedhayi.

Kuwana mbatya dzemitambo dzakasimba, dzisingapindi ziya uye dzisingawachi kunoda nzira yakakwana yekudhaya mbatya dzemitambo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusarudza dhayi nokungwarira, kugadzirira machira zvine hungwaru, uye nzira dzepamusoro dzekudhaya mbatya. Kurapa kwakabudirira mushure mekushandisa mbatya dzemitambo kwakakoshawo. Nzira yakakwana inoita kuti mbatya dzemitambo dzigare kwenguva refu, zvichizadzisa zvinotarisirwa nevatengi kuti dzive dzemhando yepamusoro uye dzirambe dzakasimba.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Sei madhayi e reactive ne dispersion ari akanakisa pazvipfeko zvemitambo?

Madhayi anopindirana nemakemikari anobatanidza machira echisikigo. Madhayi anopararira anopinda mumachira ekugadzira. Nzira dzese dziri mbiri dzinovimbisa kuti ruvara rwakasimba haruchinji dikita uye kugezwa.

Kugadzirwa kwemachira kunobatsira sei kuti dhayi igare kwenguva refu?

Kugadzirira usati waisa tsvina. Kunoita kuti jira rinyatsopinza. Izvi zvinoita kuti madhayi apinde zvakadzika uye zvakaenzana. Kunodzivirira mavara asina kujeka uye kunovandudza kukurumidza kwayo.

Chii chinoita kuti mavara ezvipfeko zvemitambo apere nekufamba kwenguva?

Kugeza nguva dzose, dikita, uye kusvikwa neUV zvinogona kupwanya mamorekuru edhayi. Kusasarudzwa kwedhayi zvisina kunaka kana kusagadziriswa zvakanaka mushure mekurapwa kunobatsirawo kuti dhayi ipere.